Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Chemically modified tRNA enhances the translation capacity of mRNA rich in cognate codons

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62981-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Left, schematic diagram showing that LNP formulation consisted of tRNA, Spike-mRNA, ionizable lipid, PEG2000-DMG, DSPC and cholesterol. Right, abbreviation of LNPs and tRNAs. T1 (Lst-UUA) was used as the benchmark vaccine. Placebo (blank LNP) was used as a negative control. Figure was generated using BioRender. b , c Dynamic changes of RNA levels and antigen concentrations of LNP formulations transfected in HEK293T cells ( n = 3 biological replicates). d Schematic diagram of the mRNA-tRNA vaccination, antibody detection, and splenic lymphocytes detection in BALB/c mice. Figure was generated using BioRender. e Measurement of the IgG antibody endpoint GMTs elicited by the mRNA-tRNA vaccines using ELISA ( n = 8 mice in each group). f Quantification of the NT50 of mRNA-tRNA immunized mouse sera by Spike B.1.1.529 pseudovirus neutralizing assay. The sera were collected 2 weeks after the booster injection (T1 ~ T7, n = 8 mice in each group; placebo, n = 3 mice). g ELISpot assay measurement of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-4 responses of splenocytes from immunized mice. Mouse spleens were isolated and dissociated 5 weeks post boost-injection (T1 ~ T7, n = 8 mice in each group; placebo, n = 3 mice). h FACS analysis results showing the percentages and cell counts of CD4 + Tem cells producing IL-2, and IL-4 after stimulation with Spike-peptide pool ( n = 8 mice in each group). i FACS analysis results showing the percentages and cell counts of CD8 + Tem cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α after stimulation ( n = 8 mice in each group). Statistical significance was analysed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s correlation ( e – i ) or two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s correlation ( c ). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, ns, not significant. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: ELISpot assay of splenocytes was performed using the mouse IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-4 ELISpot PLUS Kit (MabTech) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Formulation, Negative Control, Generated, Transfection, Vaccines, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Neutralizing Assay, Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Isolation

Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: CD38 ‐Targeting Peptide Vaccine Ameliorates Aging‐Associated Phenotypes in Mice

doi: 10.1111/acel.70147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of immune response to CD38 vaccine. (A) Schematic diagrams of the prime‐boost vaccination strategy and healthspan assessment. (B) Antibody titer against CD38 peptide‐BSA at 20 months old with KLH or CD38 vaccine as assessed by ELISA ( n = 5/group, each dot represents an individual mouse). Values are reported as the serum dilution giving half‐maximal binding (OD 50%). (C) CD38‐peptide specific antibody binding curve challenged with or without KSCN ( n = 5/group; serum dilution from 1:50 to 1:109,350; lgD: log10[dilution factor]) (D–E) Proportions of CD38+ cells in CD19‐ CD3‐ CD11bhi CD11cmid cells (P12 in Gate P11) in splenic tissues of male C57BL/6J mice ( n = 6/group) at 20 months old with or without KLH or CD38 vaccine; (F) Proportions of CD38+ cells in CD11bhi CD11cmid cells in liver tissues of male C57BL/6J mice ( n = 6/group) at 20 months old with or without KLH or CD38 vaccine (G–J) ELISPOT assay of IFN‐γ (G) or IL‐4 (I) produced by splenocytes from male C57BL/6J mice ( n = 5/group) at 20 months old administered KLH (KLH) or CD38 vaccine (CD38vac). Splenocytes were stimulated with KLH, CD38 peptide‐1 (CD38p), or PBS (Con). Right panels indicate the number of spots per 106 cells (H), or 2 × 106 cells (J) in the indicated groups. No outliers or abnormal values were excluded by boxplot analysis. All data were analyzed by two‐tailed Student’s t ‐test (B) and ANOVA followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test (C, E, F), or by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (H, J); values represent the mean ± SD; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: ELISPOT assays for interferon (IFN)‐γ and IL‐4 were performed using the Mouse IFN‐γ Precoated and Mouse IL‐4 Precoated ELISPOT kits (Dakewe Biotech Co. Ltd.) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Produced, Two Tailed Test, Comparison